Jurisdicciones

Por qué la jurisdicción es importante

El país en el que se basa una app marca sus obligaciones legales, el riesgo de vigilancia y tus derechos como usuario.

Riesgo bajo

Amigable con la privacidad

  • Leyes fuertes de protección de datos
  • Poder judicial independiente
  • Vigilancia limitada
  • Procesos legales transparentes

Ejemplos: Suiza, Alemania, Países Bajos

Riesgo medio

Privacidad intermedia

  • Algunas leyes de privacidad
  • Capacidades relevantes de vigilancia
  • Cooperación internacional
  • Posible acceso gubernamental a datos

Ejemplos: EE. UU., Reino Unido, Canadá

Riesgo alto

Preocupaciones de privacidad

  • Pocas leyes de privacidad
  • Vigilancia extensa
  • Amplio acceso del Estado a los datos
  • Censura y restricciones

Ejemplos: China, Rusia

Yes Importante: la jurisdicción es solo un factor. Combínala con el diseño técnico, los informes de transparencia, las auditorías y las políticas de retención de datos.
Low risk jurisdictions Click to toggle
🇨🇭 Switzerland Low

Laws: GDPR equivalent, strong privacy laws, independent oversight

Some of the strongest privacy protections worldwide; no mandatory data retention.

Notable apps: Proton

🇩🇪 Germany Low

Laws: GDPR, strict enforcement, strong consumer rights

Leader in privacy enforcement with independent authorities.

🇳🇱 Netherlands Low

Laws: GDPR, strong privacy culture, independent oversight

Robust data protection with independent oversight.

🇸🇪 Sweden Low

Laws: GDPR, strong privacy tradition, transparency laws

Long tradition of privacy protections and transparency.

Notable apps: Mullvad

🇬🇮 Gibraltar Low

Laws: GDPR equivalent, independent oversight

Strong data protection laws with privacy-friendly stance.

Notable apps: IVPN

Medium risk jurisdictions Click to toggle
🇺🇸 United States Medium

Laws: Limited federal privacy laws; state protections vary

Strong encryption rights but subject to surveillance and requests.

Notable apps: Signal, DuckDuckGo, Kagi

🇬🇧 United Kingdom Medium

Laws: GDPR equivalent; strong surveillance powers (Five Eyes)

Good consumer rights but extensive surveillance capabilities.

🇨🇦 Canada Medium

Laws: PIPEDA; independent privacy commissioner; Five Eyes member

Solid privacy laws but member of surveillance alliances.

🇮🇳 India Medium

Laws: Digital Personal Data Protection Act; evolving enforcement

Growing privacy framework, enforcement still evolving.

High risk jurisdictions Click to toggle
🇨🇳 China High

Laws: Limited privacy protections, extensive surveillance and data access

Extensive government access and censorship requirements.

Notable apps: WeChat

🇷🇺 Russia High

Laws: Limited privacy protections, government surveillance

Government access and censorship; limited privacy safeguards.